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The ZSW estimates that there will be 41,993,140 electric cars on the road by the end of 2023. By comparison, there were only 7.8 million BEVs and PHEVs in 2019, while the statistics indicate a stock of 27.85 million vehicles at the end of 2022. Of the almost 42 million electric cars on the road, the majority are in China (23.4 million vehicles), ahead of the US (4.84 million vehicles) and Germany (2.33 million electric cars). They are followed by France (1.59 million vehicles) and the United Kingdom (1.54 million vehicles). All other countries have a maximum six-digit electric car population.

China is also well ahead in terms of new registrations of electric cars worldwide (14.8 million vehicles in 2023, according to ZSW statistics). According to the ZSW, the country accounted for just over nine million new registrations last year – or almost 61 per cent of all new electric vehicle registrations. In 2021, Germany was still in second place ahead of the US. In 2022, the United States overtook Germany despite growth in Germany. And while new EV registrations in Germany fell from just under 833,000 to 699,940 units in 2023, the US continued to grow in the previous year – to 1.45 million vehicles. That makes the US – albeit by a wide margin – the only country in the world apart from China with seven-digit new registrations of BEVs and PHEVs in 2023. However, if you add up the new registrations in the EU, Europe had 2.5 million new registrations of electric cars.

Number of electric cars worldwide

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Belgium 60,690 102,900 173,200 269,600 462,000
China 3,810,000 5,008,500 8,253,500 14,638,700 23,401,400
Denmark 25,350 61,580 144,500 217,600 323,100
Germany 238,660 588,730 1,184,200 1,877,550 2,330,440
Finland 29,720 55,870 100,900 150,700 222,300
France 275,600 470,300 756,400 1,103,000 1,594,800
Italy 39,540 99,260 235,700 332,100 461,500
Japan 263,800 293,100 336,200 431,700 569,600
Canada 148,000 200,000 282,100 399,200 573,500
Netherlands 200.,600 275,600 388,600 524,600 721,700
Norway 376,700 480,000 631,600 791,200 891,800
Austria 37,390 59,050 105,700 152,700 214,900
Portugal 36,400 56,260 85,000 119,400 184,400
Sweden 100,900 184,000 308,100 450,500 584,900
Schwitzerland 52,690 86,470 140,300 174,800 237,100
Spain 55,810 88,540 153,900 233,900 353,000
South Korea 96,710 136,600 252,900 360,000 519,000
UK 223,800 370,800 636,400 1,089,200 1,536,900
USA 1,450,000 1,773,200 2,429,100 3,417,500 4,837,600
Rest of the World 310,600 452,000 757,200 1,113,200 1,973,200
Total 7,832,960 10,842,760 17,355,500 27,847,150 41,993,140

However, growth is clearly losing momentum in Germany, as the ZSW summarises. After an increase of 22 per cent in 2022 compared to 2021, new registrations actually fell by 16 per cent last year. This development was “influenced by several factors.” On the one hand, sales figures for plug-in hybrids fell considerably due to the expiry of state subsidies on 31 December 2022. However, the 11 per cent growth for purely battery-electric cars could only partially make up for the decline. “The higher purchase costs for electric vehicles remain a frequently cited criticism. The relatively weak overall economic development in Germany has probably also dampened the development of electric mobility, as have falling fossil fuel prices after the high-price phase in 2022,” says the ZSW.


“To achieve the German electric mobility targets – 15 million electric vehicles in the fleet by 2030 – and to develop a new dynamic in climate protection in the transport sector, the market needs new impulses. The German government’s growth initiative to increase the promotion of electric company cars can only be a first step,” says Andreas Püttner from ZSW. “Given strict savings targets for public budgets, the boost can come in particular from the abolition of privileges for conventional vehicles – also known as climate-damaging subsidies.

For example, the discontinuation of tax concessions for fossil diesel fuels, the so-called diesel privilege, and the end of the so-called company car privilege for vehicles with conventional drive systems or the exclusive promotion of electrically powered company cars could bring us much closer to a ‘level playing field’ with equal conditions for combustion engines and electric cars.”

Even if the German market does not develop as hoped, German manufacturers are at the forefront globally – even if they may not be as far ahead as hoped. VW, BMW and Mercedes are all among the top 10 manufacturers, with VW even moving up to third place in terms of new registrations with just over 1 million cars sold. However, compared to the industry leaders BYD (China) and Tesla (USA), there is still a significant gap in numbers. With over 3 million electric cars sold, the Chinese company BYD was once again able to significantly increase the number of new registrations by 68 per cent compared to last year and thus confidently leads the manufacturers’ rankings. At the same time, Tesla continues to maintain second place with 1.8 million sales. BYD (6.33 million vehicles) is also ahead of Tesla (5.44 million EVs) and VW (3.31 million vehicles) in terms of cumulative new registrations. However, only Tesla’s statistics include purely electric cars. Both BYD and VW are electric cars and plug-in hybrids.

This can also be seen when looking at the models: with 1,211,600 million units, the Tesla Model Y was by far the best-selling electric car worldwide according to the ZSW statistics. The BYD Song plug-in hybrid followed in second place with 536,700 units, just ahead of the Tesla Model 3 with 528,100 units. That also means that the Model Y has overtaken the Model 3 (2.334 million) as the best-selling electric car in the world in terms of cumulative new registrations, with 2.456 million vehicles. But BYD is not only scoring points with plug-in hybrids. The Atto 3 came in 4th place with 422,600 units sold (after only 1,900 units in 2022), the Dolphin came in 5th place with 368,100 units, and the Seagull small car already reached 280,200 units in its first year.

Cumulative new registrations of electric cars by manufacturer

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
BYD 736,700 916,500 1,510,200 3,308,600 6,333,000
Tesla 885,000 1,384,600 2,320,800 3,634,700 5,443,300
VW 358,000 779,600 1,458,800 2,290,600 3,314,800
SAIC 315,300 584,100 1,201,800 2,388,500 3,168,700
Geely 230,100 373,200 585,200 1,191,300 2,015,900
BMW 414,500 607,100 851,700 1,285,500 1,852,000
Hyundai 230,100 395,800 692,100 1,078,200 1,578,000
Stellantis 81,800 201,300 481,500 889,100 1,347,500
Mercedes 142,140 305,140 525,240 858,740 1,260,640
GAC Group 45,500 107,600 230,400 519,400 1,013,500
Source:ZSW

Cumulative new registrations of electric cars by model

2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Tesla Model Y 0 79,700 490,200 1,244,700 2,456,400
Tesla Model 3 450,100 812,900 1,313,600 1,806,200 2,334,300
Hongguang Mini EV 0 119,300 545,800 1,099,900 1,311,700
BYD Song PHEV 88,500 109,700 218,500 629,500 1,166,400
BYD Qin PHEV 153,900 158,600 272,300 467,600 795,100
Nissan Leaf 439,100 490,000 554,200 607,200 629,900
BYD Dolphin 0 0 29,600 235,000 603,100
VW ID.4 0 4,800 124,500 298,500 510,700
Aion S 32,500 78,100 147,300 263,000 485,200
BYD Qin EV300 49,700 98,600 174,200 327,900 482,000
Source: ZSW

Source: Information by e-mail (Press release), zsw-bw.de (Daten)



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